Protected
Hammer and Sickle
1994 · Lenfilm · Dir. Sergey Livnev
A bizarre tale of a fictional experiment performed during the Stalin-controlled years in the USSR. The main character is changed from a woman into a man. This is part of a larger plan to change more women into men and have a stronger workforce.
Confidence
95
— Legal Reasoning —
Why this status applies
The film 'Hammer and Sickle' (Serp i molot), directed by Sergey Livnev, was released in Russia in 1994. Under the 1976 Copyright Act and the Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988, works created or published after March 1, 1989, do not require a copyright notice for US protection. Furthermore, as a Russian production, it is subject to the URAA (Uruguay Round Agreements Act). Since the film was under copyright in its source country (Russia) on January 1, 1996 (the date of restoration for most Berne/WTO countries), its US copyright was automatically restored/maintained if it had fallen into the public domain for technical reasons, or simply protected from inception as a post-1989 work. Under current US law (Life of the author + 70 years, or 95 years from publication for corporate works), this 1994 film remains under copyright protection.
Note: generated without live web grounding (the grounded research engine was unavailable). Verify the cited sources independently before relying on this determination.
— Cited Sources —
Supporting facts
- IMDb: Hammer and Sickle (1994)
- 17 U.S.C. § 104A (URAA/GATT)
- Circular 38b: Highlights of Copyright Amendments (US Copyright Office)
- World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) - Russia Berne Convention Membership
Research summary based on cited sources, not legal advice. Always consult a qualified copyright attorney before commercial use.