Is the 1931 Frankenstein Film in the Public Domain?
James Whale's *Frankenstein* (Universal, 1931) starring Boris Karloff enters the US public domain on January 1, 2027 under the 95-year copyright term. As of 2026 the film is still protected — but Mary Shelley's 1818 novel and the broader Frankenstein concept are long in the public domain.
Status
- The 1931 film: protected through Dec 31, 2026.
- Mary Shelley's novel: public domain worldwide.
- The Karloff "flat-top" monster makeup: protected by Universal's trademarks even after the film enters PD.
What enters PD on Jan 1, 2027
- The 1931 film footage, score, and screenplay.
- Original Universal Frankenstein still photography from 1931 publicity.
Trademark vs. copyright
Universal aggressively protects its Classic Monsters trademarks. The film going PD does not let you sell merchandise using Universal's logo or the registered "Frankenstein" character mark.
Frequently Asked Questions
When does the 1931 Frankenstein enter public domain?
January 1, 2027 in the United States.
Can I write a Frankenstein novel today?
Yes — Shelley's 1818 novel is in the public domain worldwide. You can adapt it freely.
Can I sell Frankenstein merch in 2027?
You can use 1931 film stills and footage. Universal's monster trademarks are separate and remain enforceable.
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